Overview

The website pages that you have seen actually have 3 different aspects:

Skeleton (HTML): Imagine blocks when you are writing on Notion
Skin (CSS): Styling
Brain (JavaScript): Logics

HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is a file to define your website blocks and metadata.
This is a required and main file that has to exist in order to create a website.

How to Start

Create a file called: index.html. Then press: ! + Tab inside your code editor. Recommended editors:

Visual Studio Code
Cursor
AntiGravity

This generates the base HTML template.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body></body>
</html>

Head vs Body

Head Tag

Inside <head> you usually place metadata such as:

Title
Description
OpenGraph tags
SEO information

These help when sharing your website or appearing in search engines.

Body Tag

Inside <body> is where the content of your website goes. Examples:

<h1>Hello World</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph <span>!</span></p>
<button>Click me</button>

Documentation reference: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_comment.asp

Attributes

Tags can contain attributes. Example:

<img src="./image.png" alt="Image" />
<a href="https://www.google.com">Google</a>

Attributes:

src
href
alt

Each element may have different supported attributes.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to style your HTML elements. CSS cannot run alone. It must be connected to an HTML file.

Linking CSS

Add this inside your <head>:

<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css" />
<link
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:ital,opsz,wght@0,14..32,100..900;1,14..32,100..900&display=swap"
  rel="stylesheet"
/>

You also need to create: style.css

Custom Fonts

You can get fonts from: https://fonts.google.com. Search a font and copy the link tag into the <head>.

Base Styling Template

Common CSS reset:

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

Explanation:

Reset browser default spacing
Prevent elements exceeding dimensions

CSS Selectors

Selectors target HTML elements. Types:

Tag selector
Class selector
ID selector

Example HTML:

<h1 class="title" id="title">Hello World</h1>

Example CSS:

h1 {
  color: red;
  font-size: 24px;
}

.title,
#title,
h1.title {
  color: blue;
}

body p {
  font-weight: bold;
}

Notes:

. → class selector
# → id selector

Magic Element: Div

div is a container element used to group elements. Example:

<div>
  <h1>Title</h1>
  <p>Description</p>
</div>

Commonly used as:

wrapper
container
layout block

Layout Styling Template

Flexbox

Used for horizontal or vertical layouts

display: flex;
gap: 16px;
flex-direction: row;

Options:

row
column

Grid

Used for card-based layouts. Example:

display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 16px;

Example use case:

Google Classroom style cards

JavaScript

HTML and CSS are not programming languages. They do not contain logic. JavaScript adds logic and interactivity.

Linking JavaScript

Create: script.js. Add before closing body:

<script src="./script.js"></script>

DOM Manipulation

JavaScript can select HTML elements and manipulate them. Example:

const title = document.querySelector(".title");

title.addEventListener("click", () => {
  title.style.color = "purple";
});

Explanation:

Select element
Add click event
Change style dynamically

React

React is one of the most used JavaScript frameworks today. It helps create:

Complex applications
Multiple pages
Reusable UI components
Dynamic rendering

Popular frameworks using React: Next.js Documentation: https://react.dev

Getting Started

After creating a React project: Install dependencies:

npm i

Files structure:

src/
  App.jsx
  main.jsx

Run project:

npm run dev

Components

Components make UI reusable. Example:

function MyButton({ title }) {
  return <button>I'm a {title} button</button>;
}

export default function MyApp() {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Welcome to my app</h1>
      <MyButton title="login" />
    </div>
  );
}

React Hooks

Hooks are built-in React functions. Docs: https://react.dev/reference/react/hooks

useEffect

Runs side effects based on dependencies. Example:

useEffect(() => {
  const connection = createConnection(serverUrl, roomId);
  connection.connect();

  return () => {
    connection.disconnect();
  };
}, [serverUrl, roomId]);

If dependencies change, the effect reruns.

useState

Used to manage component state. Example:

const [age, setAge] = useState(28);

Update state:

setAge(30);

setAge((prev) => prev + 1);

prev represents the current value.

TailwindCSS

TailwindCSS allows styling without writing CSS files. Docs: https://tailwindcss.com Install TailwindCSS IntelliSense extension for autocomplete.

Basic Syntax

Colors

bg-red-200
text-blue-900

Higher number → stronger color.

Size

text-lg
shadow-xl
rounded-sm

Spacing

p-6
m-24
py-20
mx-2
pl-3

Layout

flex
grid
gap-4
grid-cols-3
flex-col
mx-auto

shadcn/ui

A component library that allows installing only the components you need. Docs: https://ui.shadcn.com AI builders usually use shadcn components instead of building UI from scratch.

Next.js

Next.js is a fullstack framework built on React. Docs: https://nextjs.org Unlike React, Next.js includes:

Backend
Frontend
Routing
API

Used by tools like:

Lovable
Orchids

Rendering Methods

Server Side Rendering (SSR)

Rendered on the server before reaching the browser. Use cases:

Metadata
Protected pages
Authentication validation

Too much SSR can slow apps.

Client Side Rendering (CSR)

Rendered in the browser. Example:

Skeleton loading
Fetching data after page load

Middleware

You can protect routes using middleware. Example file:

src/proxy.js

Used for:

Authentication
Session validation
Access control

Routing

React

Requires: https://reactrouter.com/

Next.js

Uses file-based routing. Example: Create page:

src/user/page.tsx

URL:

/user

Dynamic Routes

Folder:

src/user/[id]

Example route:

/user/123

Access parameter:

useParams();

API Routes

Create API folder:

src/api

Standard naming:

route.ts

For UI pages:

page.tsx

Infrastructure

Vercel

https://vercel.com Next.js is built by Vercel. Features:

GitHub integration
Automatic deployments
CI/CD

Supabase

All-in-one backend platform. https://supabase.com Includes:

Database
Authentication
File storage

OpenRouter

AI API platform with free credits. https://openrouter.ai Allows integration with multiple AI models.

Libraries

Prisma

https://www.prisma.io ORM used for database communication. Benefits:

Safer queries
Prevent SQL injection
Easy database manipulation

Better Auth

https://www.better-auth.com Authentication library supporting:

Email/password
Google login
OAuth

tRPC

https://trpc.io Allows easy creation of API endpoints and server logic.

Bonus

Starter kit with:

Prisma
Better Auth
tRPC

Repository: https://github.com/fydemy/next-starter

Community

Questions and contributions: https://fydemy.com Join the Fydemy Discord to participate in discussions.

​Overview

​HTML

​How to Start

​Tags

​Head vs Body

​Head Tag

​Body Tag

​Attributes

​CSS

​Linking CSS

​Custom Fonts

​Base Styling Template

​CSS Selectors

​Magic Element: Div

​Layout Styling Template

​Flexbox

​Grid

​JavaScript

​Linking JavaScript

​DOM Manipulation

​React

​Getting Started

​Components

​React Hooks

​useEffect

​useState

​TailwindCSS

​Basic Syntax

​Colors

​Size

​Spacing

​Layout

​shadcn/ui

​Next.js

​Rendering Methods

​Server Side Rendering (SSR)

​Client Side Rendering (CSR)

​Middleware

​Routing

​React

​Next.js

​Dynamic Routes

​API Routes

​Infrastructure

​Vercel

​Supabase

​OpenRouter

​Libraries

​Prisma

​Better Auth

​tRPC

​Bonus

​Community

Overview

HTML

How to Start

Tags

Head vs Body

Head Tag

Body Tag

Attributes

CSS

Linking CSS

Custom Fonts

Base Styling Template

CSS Selectors

Magic Element: Div

Layout Styling Template

Flexbox

Grid

JavaScript

Linking JavaScript

DOM Manipulation

React

Getting Started

Components

React Hooks

useEffect

useState

TailwindCSS

Basic Syntax

Colors

Size

Spacing

Layout

shadcn/ui

Next.js

Rendering Methods

Server Side Rendering (SSR)

Client Side Rendering (CSR)

Middleware

Routing

React

Next.js

Dynamic Routes

API Routes

Infrastructure

Vercel

Supabase

OpenRouter

Libraries

Prisma

Better Auth

tRPC

Bonus

Community